Past the end of the nose.

As explained in post 10 (“The cosmological constant revised”) and post 12 (“The inconstancy of the speed of light”), C is not the speed of light, but the true cosmological constant and continuity to which the four variable dimensions mass, energy, space and time are fully subjected, separately and in their relation to one another (see also post 6 “C=T/M x E/S”).

What proportion does C bear to the speed of light c?

As soon as there is some energy (= mass) anywhere, there is some time and consequently some space. If gravitation increases, time runs slower. If gravitation decreases, time runs faster. So one can say that the course of  time varies between extreme slow and extreme fast. It cannot  be infinite slow or infinite fast. Some energy (= mass) or some fluctuation/information must exist anywhere at all times. This means that gravitation is an inescapable property of the world. Nevertheless gravitation may look like an emergent phenomenon (Erik Verlinde’s idea). This seeming contradiction can be explained as follows. C can be considered the constant and continuous speed at which the influence of gravitation spreads through space-time. Yet how can we measure and determine the speed of C? In fact we cannot unless there is some time. For instance we can measure the speed of light because it has some energy (= mass) or information and therefore some time (close to zero). By measuring the speed of light we find c for C. The “speed” of gravitation as such cannot be measured. Therefore it only seems that gravitation is an emergent phenomenon.

Black hole evaporation is caused by the spatial time-difference between the course of time in the centre of a black hole and the course of time in the space surrounding the black hole. Time-diferences are related to mass-differences or, in other words, differences in concentration of information (the Hawking radiation theory on black hole evaporation is based on  quantum effects).

To be continued.